China and Russia highlight ‘tectonic shifts in global politics’

The presidents of China and Russia urged allies to resist external influence saying the global centres of power are changing and a multipolar world is on the horizon.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping were in Kazakhstan’s capital of Astana on Thursday for a gathering of leaders from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) – a regional bloc that Moscow and Beijing see as a counterweight to US “hegemony” on the world stage.

Xi called on the countries to “resist external interference” while Putin said “new centres” of political and economic might are on the rise.

“We should join hands to resist external interference, firmly support each other, take care of each other’s concerns … and firmly control of the future and destiny of our countries and regional peace and development in our own hands,” Xi told the summit.

“It is of vital importance to the world that the SCO be on the right side of history and on the side of fairness and justice.”

In a joint declaration, published by the Kremlin, the group noted “tectonic shifts in global politics” and called for the bloc to play an enhanced role in global and regional security.

“The use of force is increasing, the norms of international law are systemically being violated, geopolitical confrontation and conflicts are growing, and risks to stability in the world and the SCO region are multiplying,” it stated.

The final communique also called for an “early, complete and sustainable ceasefire” in Gaza with a “comprehensive and just settlement of the Palestinian question”.

The statement did not refer to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or China’s dispute with Taiwan, but said the group had “mutual respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of states”.

‘A just world order’

Both Russia and China regularly rail against what they say is the US dominance of global affairs and are seeking to boost their influence and control, particularly in regions close to their borders.

“The multipolar world has become a reality,” Putin said in remarks at the summit, hailing the accession of Russia’s close ally Belarus to the bloc, becoming its tenth member.

“The circle of states that stand for a just world order and are ready to resolutely defend their legitimate rights and protect traditional values is expanding,” Putin said. “New centres of power and economic growth are strengthening.”

Western-sanctioned Iran joined as a full Shanghai Cooperation Organisation member last year. Also attending the meeting on Thursday was UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who is visiting Central Asia.

The SCO was founded in 2001 but has come to prominence in recent years. Alongside China, Russia and Belarus, its full members are India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan.

It is intended to be a platform for cooperation in competition with the West with a focus on security and economics, and Central Asia in particular. SCO represents 40 percent of the global population and about 30 percent of its gross domestic product.

But it is a disparate group with many internal disagreements, including territorial disputes.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has further increased major powers’ interest in Central Asia, where Moscow is seeking to maintain its traditional sway, but where China now has strong ties through its flagship Belt and Road infrastructure project.

The West is also vying for influence in the strategically important region, rich in oil and gas and a crucial transport route between Asia and Europe.

In the final declaration, the bloc criticised the “unilateral and unrestricted build-up” of missile defence systems by unnamed countries and regional alliances – a common complaint of both Moscow and Beijing aimed at the United States.